Environmental source tracking using measured and modeled replicas

Measured and modeled personal and environmental NO2 exposure

BACKGROUND Measured or modeled levels of outdoor air pollution are being used as proxies for individual exposure in a growing number of epidemiological studies. We studied the accuracy of such approaches, in comparison with measured individual levels, and also combined modeled levels for each subject's workplace with the levels at their residence to investigate the influence of living and worki...

Measured, modeled, and causal conceptions of fitness

THIS PAPER PROPOSES PARTIAL ANSWERS TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS: in what senses can fitness differences plausibly be considered causes of evolution?What relationships are there between fitness concepts used in empirical research, modeling, and abstract theoretical proposals? How does the relevance of different fitness concepts depend on research questions and methodological constraints? The pape...

The Knowledge-based Economy: Modeled, Measured, Simulated

Iterative Decoding Using Replicas

Replica shuffled versions of iterative decoders of low-density parity-check codes and turbo codes are presented in this paper. The proposed schemes can converge faster than standard and plain shuffled approaches. Two methods, density evolution and EXIT charts, are used to analyze the performance of the proposed algorithms. Both theoretical analysis and simulations show that the new schedules of...

Influence of surface waves on measured and modeled irradiance profiles.

Classical radiative transfer programs are based on the plane-parallel assumption. We show that the Gershun equation is valid if the irradiance is averaged over a sufficiently large area. We show that the equation is invalid for horizontal areas of the order of tens of meters in which horizontal gradients of irradiance in the presence of waves are much larger than vertical gradients. We calculat...